For plumbing systems, understanding the piping components is crucial for proper installation and operation, as failure to do so can lead to leaks. Фітынгі NPT are one of the most commonly used types of fittings in plumbing systems. ДНЯЗ stands for National Pipe Taper. It's a standardised system (ANSI B1.20.1) commonly used in North America for threaded connections between pipes and fittings. This article will delve into what NPT pipe fittings and NPT threads are, how to accurately measure NPT fittings, to guide you choose the right NPT fittings.
What is an NPT pipe fitting?
Ан NPT fitting is a threaded joint used in plumbing systems to create a seal between two pipes or between a pipe and a fitting. NPT threads taper toward the base of the fitting. This tapered shape creates a tighter seal as the fitting is screwed on. NPT threads rely on a sealant, such as pipe sealant or Teflon tape, to ensure a leak-proof connection.
They are ideal for corrosive environments such as marine or chemical processing. Common npt thread fittings materials include brass, carbon steel, and stainless steel.
What are NPT threads?
NPT threads have a tapered design, it can provide a strong механічнае злучэнне between pipes and fittings. As the male and female threads screw together, the taper creates a tighter seal, helping to prevent leaks, especially when used with a suitable thread sealant, such as Teflon tape or pipe sealant. so it can withstand high pressure. mainly used in plumbing and other fluid flow applications.
What is NPT thread angle?
The NPT thread standard specifies a 60-degree thread angle and a specific pitch, which is the distance between the threads. Pitch is the distance between the threads. The threads are designed to be compatible with other NPT fittings, ensuring they can be easily connected and disconnected as needed. Please note that NPT fittings cannot be connected to all fittings. NPT pipe fittings are designed for tapered pipe threads.
Can NPT pipe fittings achieve a sealed connection?
NPT thread seal through mechanical connection，because of their tapered design. This tapered shape creates a tighter seal as the fitting is screwed on. As the male and female threads screw together, the taper creates a tighter seal, helping to prevent leaks.
NPT Pipe Fittings Applications
Industrial Processes: NPT fittings are used in industries to transfer pressurized liquids and gases. They are used in manufacturing, chemical production, and the oil and gas industry, where secure connections are important.
Automotive Applications: In the automotive industry, NPT fittings are used for fuel and oil lines, where their secure connection prevents leaks and ensures optimal performance.
Plumbing Systems: NPT fittings are used to connect pipes and fixtures. They create a leak-proof seal, which is essential for maintaining pipe installations.
HVAC Systems: NPT fittings are frequently used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. They help connect various components, ensuring efficient airflow and temperature control.
Fire Protection Systems: The reliability of NPT fittings makes them suitable for fire protection systems, where water or chemical delivery must be consistent and reliable.
NPT fittings Disadvantages
Susceptible to port expansion or cracking due to over-tightening
Required thread lubricant may cause system contamination
How to Measure NPT Fittings?
Measuring NPT fittings accurately is essential for ensuring that they will fit properly in your piping system. Here are the steps to measure NPT pipe fittings:
How to measure npt threads
Measuring the NPT thread is to determine whether it is an NPT fitting. First of all, in appearance, NPT is a tapered thread that gradually becomes thicker, rather than a straight cylindrical thread. Secondly, confirm whether it is a 60° thread angle (NPT is 60°, BSP is 55°).
Identify the type of NPT connection
There are male connection and female connection to choose. NPT male connection should measure threads themselves. Female NPT connection measure the major diameter (top diameter) of the threads.
Identify the Size of the Fitting
NPT sizing is based on the inside diameter (ID) of the pipe, which is the effective flow diameter where air, water, or other fluids pass through.
NPT fittings are typically identified by their nominal size, which corresponds to the inside diameter of the pipe they are designed to fit. Common sizes include 1/8″, 1/4″, 1/2″, 3/4″, 1″, and so on. However, the actual outside diameter of the fitting will be larger than the nominal size due to the thickness of the material.
Measure the Outside Diameter
To measure the outside diameter of an NPT fitting, use a caliper or a tape measure. Place the measuring tool around the widest part of the fitting, ensuring that you are measuring the outside edge of the threads. Record this measurement in inches or millimeters.
The outside diameter (OD) of the pipe is larger than the nominal size due to the pipe wall thickness, which adds approximately 1/4 inch (about 1/16 inch per side).
For example, a pipe labeled 3/4 inch NPT actually measures around 1 inch on the outside diameter, but the nominal size refers to the inside diameter where flow occurs
Determine the Thread Pitch
Pitch refers to the distance between threads, and it is crucial for determining the compatibility of pipe fittings. Pitch can be measured using a thread gauge or a ruler. Count the number of threads in a specific length (usually one inch) and divide that by the length to find the pitch. For example, if there are 11 threads in one inch, the pitch is 11 threads per inch (TPI).
Measure the Taper Angle
While not always necessary, measuring the taper angle helps ensure a proper fit. The standard taper angle for NPT threads is 1 degree 47 minutes (approximately 1.75 degrees). If needed, you can use a protractor to measure the thread angle.
Common NPT thread size reference table
| Памер | TPI | Падача | OD | ID |
| 1/16 inch | 27 | 0.941 | 7.895 | 7.142 |
| 1/8 inch | 27 | 0.941 | 10.242 | 9.489 |
| 1/4 цалі | 18 | 1.411 | 13.616 | 12.487 |
| 3/8 цалі | 18 | 1.411 | 17.055 | 15.926 |
| 1/2 цалі | 14 | 1.814 | 21.223 | 19.772 |
| 3/4 цалі | 14 | 1.814 | 26.568 | 25.117 |
| 1 цаля | 11.5 | 2.209 | 33.228 | 31.461 |
| 1 1/4 inch | 11.5 | 2.209 | 41.985 | 40.218 |
| 1 1/2 inch | 11.5 | 2.209 | 48.054 | 46.287 |
| 2 цалі | 11.5 | 2.209 | 60.092 | 58.325 |
| 2 1/2 inch | 8 | 3.175 | 72.699 | 70.159 |
| 3 цалі | 8 | 3.175 | 88.608 | 86.068 |
| 3 1/2 inch | 8 | 3.175 | 101.316 | 98.776 |
| 4 цалі | 8 | 3.175 | 113.973 | 111.433 |
TPI = Threads per Inch（1 inch=25.4mm）
Pitch = 25.4÷ TPI
OD = ID+2* Thread Height
ID = OD-2* Thread Height
Check for Compatibility
After measuring the outer diameter, pitch, and taper angle, you can compare these measurements with the specifications of the fitting you plan to use. This will help ensure fitting compatibility and a good seal when connected.